Leadership and Cross Culture Management Article - 1

Leadership and Cross Culture Management - Article Example They developed several qualities of leadership to cope up with the changing working environment of foreign countries (Regent University, 2011). Honda, the largest Japanese based manufacturers of two-wheelers has been a successful name in the global automobile industry. Due to their leadership ability, they are so successful across the globe. The subsidiary of Honda Motor in India is named Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India Ltd (HMSI). It came to India in 1999. They believe in teamwork and excellent leadership aspects are the reasons for their success. Though they are globally successful for their products and services but the management of HMSI is not at all concerned regarding the workers and other employees of the organization. They are found to be illtreating and misbehaving with the workers. They are continuously harassing and embarrassing many of the working personnel in the organization. Towards the female employees, their behavior is not healthy. A few female employees left their jobs due to intolerable behavior from the Vice President of the company. HMSI managers are using negative leadership qualities just to embarrass the employees instead motivating and influencing them in their work (Labour File, n.d.). The higher managerial personnel of HMSI should develop the qualitative behavior and good etiquette while treating both male and female workers. This will help them to be a leader in the global environment. All kinds of interpersonal, informational and decisional roles can be developed by the managers of HMSI to motivate and influence the employees and workers of the organization. As a leader, they can create the good working relationship with the people because human resources are the assets of the organization. The leadership qualities should be utilized for the superior purpose of the employees rather destroy it.

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Criminal Justice - Essay Example The following are some of the factors that predict spousal abuse (Bowen, para1-2). Social environment is one of the predictive factors. Bowen reports that findings published by University of Bristol in 1999 indicated that women who live in the most societal adversity are up to 15 times more likely to be victims of domestic violence when their child is three years. Women living in slums and rural areas are highly vulnerable to spousal abuse. Age of the woman is another predictor of domestic violence. The number of young women who go through abuse is more than that of old women. Research has shown that women at their prime child bearing age are at more risk that the older ones. Preidt notes that according to the U.S. health department, more than 30% of women screened at the antenatal clinics have confirmed to receive a spousal abuse at a certain point. Social status of a woman is also a good indicator of whether she has domestic abuse issues or not. Women holding influential positions in the society do not receive spousal abuse as their counterparts with low societal profile (Preidt, para3-4). In addition, the level of education of the partners affects the relationship. Poorly educated women experience family-based violence. This is worst if there is a gap in education between her and the husband. Another factor is family size and composition. Some men get married with some expectations from their wives. When these expectations fail to come, they develop a negative image of their wives and start mistreating them. For example, a husband may go into marriage expecting the wife to bear a son. After some years, the wife only gives him daughters. This culminates into spousal abuse. History of depression on the partners can also indicate possibility of abuse since it affects human capacity in many areas of life. If the woman or the man has a history of depression, it is likely that he/she shall take it

Physical Education For Schools Education Essay

Physical Education For Schools Education Essay Academics are of great important, but so is having time for fitness and physical exercises in school. When children have an opportunity to play and run at recess, they focus and concentrate more during class time. The main aim of physical education to the young generation is to offer them with knowledge and skills necessary to keep them healthy as they grow up. Physical movement is a crucial part of how children learn. So as to keep children motivated and engaged, physical education activities must be enjoyable and highly interactive. This paper has looked on various benefits that are related to fitness and physical education. Moreover the paper has focused on some challenges that hinder implementation of a proper physical education program in schools. Introduction Many of the young generation would highly prefer to be sitting inactively in front a computer or television rather than performing something physically active. Most of the students believe that they have insufficient time, guidance or opportunity to engage in physical activities. The perfect place where student would be able to find sufficient time, guidance and opportunities is in schools themselves. Educators are responsible for the compulsory physical education curriculum at the junior high school levels and should be commended for this, but frowned upon for not implementing it on senior high school students. Downs and Anne defines Physical Education as the course of education that develops the individual body, in terms of movement skills and fitness (112). Physical education teaches students to have helpful skills that are applicable to the present and future life. Through physical education students are also able to learn how to interact and work with others to achieve their goa ls in a manner which academic subjects, such as science and mathematics, may not offer. Those who oppose compulsory Physical Education schools believe that if a child has not developed an aspiration for deliberate physical activities by the time she or he is high school, she or he may not develop (Allison, 2005). It is factual that a student should not be merely forced into something he/she dont like participating in, but if these students do not get any physical exercise outside the school environment, where will they get a suitable amount of physical fitness? Sam Eberhardt, athletic manager a head coach of the McNair basketball team in Raymond, N.C., supposes students do not care about engaging in physical activities anymore and we have to teach these students on the fundamental importance of benefits of Physical Education. In the 1996-1997 school academic years there were 1,143 students enrolled at Nair High School, however there were only five physical education classes offered, which meant average of 120 students attended in these physical education classes (Downs Anne 2005). The outstanding 1023 grade 11 and 12 students had no Physical Education at all. This is a shocking figure. Many students get involved in recreation activities and sports outside of the school compound, but many of them obtain hardly any exercise at all. There is need for students to get a place where they can get involved in some kind of physical activity and exercise (Brailsford, 1992). School is right place where implementation of such physical activities can take place since it is in school you will find proper equipment and facilities that are required to accommodate the students and physical activities involved. If physical education is not made a compulsory subject then many of the students will not obtain the benefits which decent program can offer. Physical education, fitness and health The importance of Physical Education and fitness on young people health is extensive. Also, the High School Physical Education (n.d.) argued that regular physical activity is necessary to sustain fitness and health (1).The fitness and healthy lifestyles acquired from a good program are of high beneficial in controlling hyperkinetic diseases and developing quality health life. Insufficient physical activities results to deprived physical fitness that could lead to diseases such as such as lower back pain, diabetes, heart diseases and obesity. The main fundamental goal of physical education is tom achieve to prevent these hypokinetic diseases and gain physical wellness. Coe, Pivarnik Womack, (2006) defines physical wellness as a measure of mental, emotional physical, mental, and spiritual health. For one to achieve physical wellness, students should try to mingle their academic studies with a physical activity that meets their desires. With practice of these students will not only feel healthier but they will also look healthier and better due to proper exercise and diet. Exercise is the major factor in the enlargement of muscles and reduction of overweight in an individual body (Jeanie, 2008). There are presently many overweight persons whom are unable to reduce weight. The American Cancer Society explained that daily quality physical education is very important in the students long-life health and well-being (1). Furthermore, improved coordinated school health programs which include physical education can help reverse the growing epidemic of childhood obesity (1). Also, they insisted that effective efforts that are made now will help children avoid lifetime chronic diseases and disabilities (1). Furthermor, they explicitly said that regular physical activity is associated with a healthier, longer life, and it prevents chronic heart diseases, obesity, diabetes, and other cancers (1). It is the responsibility of political leaders and educators in the school curri culum to make physical fitness a priority at an early age through educating young people on the substantial importance of physical wellness. The ultimate and best place to educate them would be in high school level; if not they may end up growing with little health knowledge. In accordance to statistics of Model of Physical Fitness textbook (2004), 50% of total death deaths that happen in the United States are closely associated lifestyle habits such as overweight, alcohol consumption and smoking. This lifestyle death can be greatly reduced and controlled through physical exercise and a healthier living. Not all deaths can be controlled, but by implementing a proper physical education program in an individuals first stages of life, this individual will not only live an improved quality of life but also will live longer (Department of Health, 2004). Physical, intellectual and social benefits Physical education offers a recipe of physical, social and intellectual challenges that other disciplines such as physics may not offer. Although the physical feature is the most central, it is not essentially the most important. Sports such as volleyball, basketball and hockey facilitate in refining and developing motor skills and improving coordination among the individuals. Muscular power and endurance are also improved, while flexibility is also enhanced through getting involved in sports activities (Jeanie, 2008). As already know, sport is not just a composer of physical skills, but also composed of knowledge and sharpness of the mind. An all way-round player possesses the capability of making quick and smart decisions during a play of game; this could be a high difference between a good and an average player, although their physical skills may be equivalent. What is distinctive about physical education is that the interaction between instructors and students is usually higher t han in other subjects, and moreover the surrounding atmosphere is generally lively (McDonald, 2001). This interaction rate between the instructors and the students can lead to acquaintances and friendship that would not have developed in other classes; this is a great part of social and intellectual development. Also, studies generally support the suggestion from cross-sectional data that academic performance is maintained or even enhanced by an increase in a students level of habitual physical activity, despite a reduction in curricular or free time for the study of academic material (119). Studies demonstrate the positive effects daily physical activity has on student performance and academic achievement in terms of memory, observation, problem-solving and decision-making, as well as significant improvements in attitudes, discipline, behaviours and creativity (64). A student can study best in an environment that is pleasant, yet educationally productive. Furthermore, Grissom argue d that physical education is not extracurricular; rather, it is a vital component in the students academic success (12). According to Grissoms research, there are many studies that examine the relationship of physical education and academic achievement. This concluded that there is a significant correlation of academic success and physical education (12). Also, he explained that physical and other activities that promote good health promote intellectual capacity (24). Physical activity, skillfulness and social function Physical education also provides physical activity skillfulness that is necessary for social function. It teaches helpful skills such as interaction and communication with peers. The High School Physical Education (n.d.) explained that physical activities and performance involves a competence that enables the students to know how to maintain health and fitness as individuals and as members of teams (3). If these activity skills are not learnt at early ages then it is the duty of schools to teach on how to build up and apply these crucial skills. Also, a report by HM Inspectorate of Education regarding the Physical Education in Primary Schools explained that the success in physical education improves achievements in other areas of learning, and is closely related to intellectual and social development. Also, it builds self-esteem, cooperation, and communication (6). Communication skills are vital in many sides of life e.g.in a job interview communication skill may be a determining fac tor or just in a casual communication with a friend. If students are not trained in social skills they habitually become self- mindful and shy in social interaction (Epstein Valoski, 1995). If play skills are not established at early stages then they will not be developed at all. Eventually this could be a serious factor which may end up affecting social behavior of young people and could result to delinquency, family and social problems. Students with such problems typically lack vital social skills which serve as being participative in group activities. Signs and symptoms of this may be nervousness and general lack of self-confidence during interaction with others. More significantly, physical activity gives students the chance to relieve pressure, stress and enjoy themselves. Challenges facing to fitness and physical education While these are definitely positive benefits and importance of fitness and physical education, there are also various stumbling blocks in establishing a consistent and reliable physical education program in schools. Many of the worldwide challenges put into headlines by UNESCO include financial and human resource constrains to carry out proper physical education programs (Shephard, Lavallee, Voile, Beaucage, 1994). For example, UNESCO stated that there is a shortage of primary school educators who are properly trained in physical education. Moreover, set timetables for physical activities are not established, many schools lack space and equipment, and too many physical education teachers and trainers do not entirely value the importance of physical activity (Shephard, Lavallee, Voile, Beaucage, 1994). Furthermore, A report by HM Inspectorate of Education regarding the Physical Education in Primary Schools said that the physical education within the school day is insufficient; that encouragements to participate in sports is a must to enable a positive impact on the students lifestyle (5). Moreover, a report by HM Inspectorate of Education regarding the Physical Education in Primary Schools reported that the physical education were very low in levels of developing fitness, designing and evaluating (7). Also, the report said that the structure and balance of the physical education programme is poor (10). Also, it was seen that many schools have difficulties in implementing the proper amount of time because of problems in storage areas of equipments, rooms for physical education class, and showering facilities for boys and girls (23). Moreover, the study said that another difficulty in physical education in schools is the quality or way of assessment. Teachers lack confidence and procedures were under-developed (33). Also, the monitoring and the evaluation is another problem to the schools implementation. It was said in a health report that between 1981 and 1996, the number of obese children in Canada between the ages of seven and 13 tripled.This is contributing to a dramatic rise in illnesses such as type 2 diabetes,heart disease, stroke, hypertension and some cancersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ many young people do not have the opportunity to be physically active every dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (2). In addition to becoming well-informed about the recent political debates on physical education, school educators should all consider their own defined notions about the topic. They appear to be a wide-scale outlook among educators that physical education is of less importance compared to other forms of education. Evidence of this can be seen when contrasting what teachers say with what they really do. While most educators may orally agree that physical education is fundamental, they do not put into practice. They also dont also fully support the governments affirmed goals because they are scared that more focusing on physical education will make it harder to achieve their main objectives of teaching students how to read and write. Conclusion In conclusion the goal of education system should be mainly to educate and teach skills which can be relied upon in the present and future times. Students should not be dispossessed of something that will progress and improve their strength and health. Politicians and educators should legislate for a compulsory Physical Education program at school levels. Physical education enhances skills that are needed for self- confidence and social functioning. It also teaches valuable information on how to maintain physical fitness and provides basic knowledge on how to reduce unhealthy lifestyle habits (Biddle, 1997). Physical fitness will help to kick-out minor symptoms such as constipation, stress, headaches, and indigestion. Physical Education should be a requirement for all school curriculums since it help in providing physical skills which are essential for educational value, efficient social functioning and good healthy practice which reduce health risks. Healthy persons are more fruitfu l at work, are less expected to be absent at work and are usually more pleased with their livelihood activities. By incorporating a healthy lifestyle at early ages, it will increase the possibility of it continuing into the later on years Modern luxuries, such as computers, television and cars encourage young people and children to sit down for couple of hours, and this is taking a harm toll on our society. Millions of people are suffering from deadly diseases that could be controlled through regular exercise.   In spite of all of the incredible medical breakthroughs established by contemporary scientists, there is no such a thing like exercise in a tablet.   Nothing at all can substitute physical activity. When this fact is generally accepted and physical education becomes an embedded part of the learning practice, all people of society, including the young generation, will benefit.

An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poes Annabel Lee Essay -- Annabel Lee Essa

An Analysis  of  Edgar Allan Poe's Annabel Lee In life, as in death, Edgar Allan Poe evoked a feeling of sympathy from his readership.   Those who knew him well considered him deep, mysterious and contemplative; thus, coupled with the copious tragedies he suffered throughout his life, especially the loss of his first wife Virginia, it is easy to understand how the author brings out the theme of Annabel Lee through personal/setting imagery, repetition of words and rhythm/rhyme.   Annabel Lee honors the memory of Poe's deceased wife, Virginia.   Throughout the poem, his use of personal imagery helps the reader to grasp the intense feelings of loss he continues to experience long after her passing.   The setting imagery is critical to this particular literary piece, in that it is through setting that one gains a significantly better realization of his anguish.   A passage from what came to be the last poem written by Poe before his death illustrates his torment: "The angels, not half so happy in heaven, went envying her and me- Yes! - That was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. "But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we- Of many far wiser than we- And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee." No matter his efforts, Poe just could not seem to shake the loss of Virginia.   He especially had difficulty forgetting her final days, watching her cough up blood and slowly dies of tuberculosis.   He could not even afford a blanket or handful of coal with wh... ...nd but elusive subtleties.   To be sure, Poe was a writer who incorporated a significant amount of blatancy while also implying considerable obscurity. This dichotomy has served to be the cornerstone of the author's works, which have successfully stood the test of time.   "And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride, In the sepulchre there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea."   Without question, Annabel Lee provides a unique insight into the relationships among theme, rhythm and imagery.   Also evident within the very essence of the story is the manner in which it illustrates the compassion inherent within such a master composer as the troubled Edgar Allan Poe. Works Cited: Poe, Edgar Allan. ?Annabel Lee.? The Book of Living Verse. Ed. Louis Untermeyer. New York: Harcourt, 1939.

Osama Bin Ladin Essay

Osama Bin Ladin, the most brutal terrorist and the key influence behind the September 11th attack, is quoted to have said, â€Å"All these crimes and sins committed by the Americans are a clear declaration of war on God, his Messenger, and Muslims†¦. [T]he jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries†¦ As for the fighting to repulse [an enemy], it is aimed at defending sanctity and religion, and it is a duty†¦ On that basis, and in compliance with God’s order, we issue the following fatwa to all Muslims: The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies-civilian and military–is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it. † (Knapp) In the above quote, Osama Bin Ladin uses the term Jihad to distinguish his faith and states that his religious duty is to declare war on the enemy. The significance of the Jihad is based upon the â€Å"Quran’s command to struggle (the literal meaning of the word jihad) in the path of God and in the example of the Prophet Muhammad and his early Companions. † (Esposito 117) Jihad has been interpreted differently between the Muslim populations some view the doctrine as a justification of violent actions and others as a peaceful Islamic commandment. To the extreme Muslim fundamentalist, it’s used to interpret and justify radical acts of religious demonstrations, such as September 11, 2001. The Islamic religion was developed in the 17th century and an instrumental doctrine crucial to its founding is the doctrine of Jihad, â€Å"waging holy war on behalf of Islam as a religious duty. † (Arbuckle, 11) Muslims have disagreed between themselves throughout history as to the true meaning of the term. Most Islamic theologians in Muslim history â€Å"understood this obligation to be in a military sense. † (Knapp) A common misperception – because of Jihad, Islamic Law condones warfare. According to Michael Knapp in his article titled The Concept and Practice of Jihad in Islam, â€Å"Islamic law condemns all warfare that does not qualify as Jihad, especially any warfare among Muslims. † Islamic militant and religious based political groups have become increasingly larger over the past 30 years. Many of these groups’ philosophy is based on the demands of the Jihad and their driving force is to create a society governed by the â€Å"the Shari’ and a unified Islamic state, and to eliminate un-Islamic and unjust rulers. These groups are also reemphasizing individual conformity to the requirements of Islam. † (Knapp) However, it is important to note that by Islamic Law, no war can be waged on the basis of Jihad unless it is endorsed by its leader and the right intention is imperative. Waging war for personal gain, such as money, conquest, or for political gain is unjust in the eyes of the Jihad. (Knapp) Radicals do not solely focus on the Jihad when waging war or making an extreme political statement. Radicalism has been a result of various reasons – religious, cultural, political and socio-economics. (Knapp) The fundamentalist Muslims are focused solely on the traditions and customs of the Islamic religion and when that custom or way of life is threatened there is a dramatic reaction. Many radical Islamic groups have blamed Western civilization as a threat; they believe that it is an evil â€Å"that replaces Muslim religious and cultural identity and values with alien ideas and models of development. † (Knapp)

Hamlet’s Characterisation Essay

The aspect of Shakespeare’s Hamlet that is most interesting to me is the playwright’s intimate depiction of Hamlet’s daily struggle againt the world. Through soliloquies and characterisation, we see that Hamlet’s world is a cold, political one, unreceptive to his grief, and this fundamental incompatibility is ultimately what creates and drives the play’s great drama behind his struggle, his murderous plot, uncertainty, and finally his thoughtful, accepting resolve at the end of the play. Early in the play we see this great incompatibility between Hamlet and his society emerging, as he, stricken with grief, is surrounded by cold political plotters. Shakespeare revels in his use of irony, as Claudius utters the oxymoron â€Å"lawful espials†, and Polonius, evangelising that â€Å"this above all else: to thine own self be true†, endeavours with â€Å"this bait of falsehood† to â€Å"by indirections find directions out† and thus â€Å"take this carp of truth†. Hamlet continues this tradition of fish-related metaphors in accusing Polonius of being a â€Å"fishmonger†, a claim which reflects his own struggle to comprehend how cold and contriving his society is. Hamlet even wonders how â€Å"a beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer† than his mother, Gertrude, the â€Å"pernicious woman† whose â€Å"salt of most unrighteous tears† falls from merely â€Å"galled eyes†. That she could be â€Å"like Niobe† is a twisted classical allusion which adds to the sentiment of tension which Hamlet feels against his society, which, in the disillusioned wake of his grief, he has found is superficial and immoral, especially as â€Å"one may smile, and smile, and be a villain†, while â€Å"virtue itself of vice must beg† and â€Å"rank corruption†¦mining within†¦infects unseen†. Thus this great tension forms an integral part of the early part of the play and drives the drama which underlies Hamlet’s characterisation, and his struggle to find where he belongs in this morally void society. Hamlet’s soililoquy at the end of Act II reveals how this tension has acted upon his soul. He questions his own sanity, asking if it is, in fact, the â€Å"pleasing shape† of the devil, which â€Å"abuses me to damn me†. This particular tension between Hamlet and his world is what reveals several important character elements in Hamlet. That the Player could invoke such passion in such a superficial â€Å"fiction†, and â€Å"for Hecuba† at that, while Hamlet sits statically racked with indecision, is reflective of the superficiality which frustrates him and drives him to see imself as a â€Å"dull and muddy-mettled rascal†. It drives him inwards to consider what kind of person he is, and how best to resolve the tension which has evolved as a result of his society’s immorality. Yet as the soliloquy changes tone dramatically, and marked by Hamlet’s cry of â€Å"Oh, vengeance! †, the apostrophic appeal to Nemesis herself reve als an early attempt to break free from these chains of indecision and uncertainty set upon him due to his struggle. Thus the tension between him and his immoral peers is what ultimately produces this first change of heart, from â€Å"pigeon-livered† to the successful invocation of the mythical figure, the â€Å"rugged Pyrrhus†, out to â€Å"drink hot blood†, whom he struggled to portray and rehearse earlier in the scene. That the tension is so central to this first episode of self-realisation, and subsequent ascents to personal conviction, reflects how truly crucial his struggle and journey towards self-understanding is to Hamlet’s textual integrity. Hamlet’s obsession with death, beginning with the Act III soliloquy not long after, is another seeming affliction brought on by this grievous tension with the world around our hero. That the world could so easily forget a human life, and that this life was that of a king, brings on a deep sense of aporia for the young prince, as he struggles to reconcile the significance of life with the great ease with which it is forgotten when lost. His turn to â€Å"what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this mortal coil† forms part of the plaintive introspection revealed by this soliloquy as he searches for truth, away from the â€Å"pangs of disprized love† for which he was informed that â€Å"to persever in obstinate condolement is†¦unmanly grief†. His obsession with death throughout the play and in this soliloquy is hence marked as a decided escape from the constant tension with his society and its many unknowable uncertainties, as portrayed by a play whose opening line is â€Å"who’s there! †. Death plays the role of the only certain, pure truth, as symbolised by the memento mori of Act V, the skull held in Hamlet’s hand which in all its graspable physicality and feeble perishability becomes a source of finality, and certainty for the young prince. His tension with society is characterised by great inaction and uncertain angst, but in death, all souls return to absolute dust. Whether they bear the â€Å"pate of a politician† or the â€Å"skull of a lawyer† is insignificant in this regard, for â€Å"e’en so†, even the great Alexander â€Å"looked o’ this fashion i’th’earth†. He finds great solace in the promise of this finality away from the contrarious moods of his â€Å"comrades†. This characterises the self-reckoning which ultimately leads him to his final resolvel and faith by which he stands ready to once more face his society and his fate, whatever it may be. With this sentiment he remarks â€Å"there is Providence in the fall of a sparrow†¦let be†. Lastly, Hamlet and Ophelia’s relationship with the world reveal analogous tensions which manifest in different ways and provide interesting insights into the dramatic consequences of this tension. Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship is torn apart by Polonius’ meddling. Hamlet’s proclamation that â€Å"frailty, thy name is woman! † foreshadows the way that we soon see Ophelia being influenced to a great extent by her filial, obedient devotion to Polonius, so much so that, struggling to reconcile her personal integrity and her duty to her family, she descends into her own madness, â€Å"divided from herself and her fair judgment, without the which we are pictures, or mere beasts†. Polonius, the â€Å"fishmonger†, tells her that her love is that of â€Å"a green girl†, and her submission to such worldly expectations is what begets her destruction. Yet even in her insanity she finds a resolve which, though markedly more frenzied, mirrors Hamlet’s own. Her flowers are each symbols of denouncement of the court’s treacherous figures, whose â€Å"rue with a difference† Ophelia insists they must acknowledge for their most distressing actions. There is thus a great tension which arises out of the persistent degradation of the lovers’ relationship, and their final destruction at the hands of Laertes for Hamlet, and in the river for Ophelia. These elements are undeniably integral elements of the play which drive its enduring drama and converge to form a crucial part of Hamlet’s textual integrity. Thus we can see that the tension of the world, manipulative, cold and immoral, as it acts on the fundamentally honest, if perhaps naive prince, is the source of the great drama which underpins Hamlet’s struggle through the play to pit his own psyche against that of his peers. This tension time and time again proves to be central to a true consideration and understanding of Hamlet’s episodes of character evolution which sees him descend into the murky depths of his world’s uncertainty. It is only with the realisation and grasping of truth, whether he finds this in the finality of death or the power of fate, that Hamlet ascends once more to the safe anchorage of sanity and resolve, and finds the courage and conviction needed to face his society once more, and finally his death.

Capital One- Conduct an External Environmental Analysis Essays

Capital One- Conduct an External Environmental Analysis Essays Capital One- Conduct an External Environmental Analysis Essay Capital One- Conduct an External Environmental Analysis Essay Capita. Philip Friedman Business Administration Capstone BUS 499 3/04/2010 Conduct an External Environmental Analysis, and identify key environmental forces that have Immediate strategic Implications for Capital One. The key environmental forces that could have Immediate strategic Implications for Capitol One in my opinion will stem from the following segments; Coloratura, Political, Economic. To date the economy isnt in good condition, people are being laid off, companies are going belly up, and families across the nation are being kicked out of here homes by the very companies that are responsible for the state of the economy. Despite the very well known troubles the middle class faces bill collectors do not let up, regardless of years worth of on time payments and loyalty. With legislation becoming Involved recently in tactics utilized by credit card companies new laws have been passed reflecting a growing discomfort amongst the public. Early in 2005 The Minnesota state attorney generals office had sued Capital One, claiming it is misleading consumers with promises of fixed interest rates, then hiking their tastes as much as 400 percent (Sullivan, Bob. 2005. Capital One sued over marketing practices. Para This situation alone ties in the above mentioned segments. People are rued of It, especially anyone who has had to deal with the misfortune. You learn quickly who most concerned about the customer. The economy Is bad; the people are feeling powerless, abused, and uneasy. Thats bad business. I think that people are going to be very selective as to who they create financial relations with from here on out. Who ever respond most ethical with true flexibility will win out in the end in arrest share. Its my belief that the mass has begun to do their home work on who is who and what is what, Its about time. I was laid off In 0112010 and have learned what companies actually treat you well In the face of financial disaster versus those who suddenly treat you with contempt once Its realized you cant make a full payment. I do believe this will carry over with many consumers. Conduct an Internal Environmental Analysis, and identify the capabilities and weaknesses within Capital One that have immediate strategic implications. One of Capital Ones internal weaknesses is its annual expenditures on advertising fees in comparison to the companys major competitors. In 2004 Capital One spent $285 million and then another $5. 4 million on advertisements that 30% of a poll taken TLD even care for while 12% liked it a lot, many professionals gave the opinion that much of the profits have been consumed by marketing ((Hit, M. , Ireland, D. Hoskings, R. 2009. Peg. 70). Capital Ones large collection of sub prime customers also shows itself as a weakness. During the recession of 2001 2004 and new laws coming to light concerning the declaration of personal bankruptcy Capital One decided to stop depending on sub prime customers as teen are more Kelly to declare Attendance or adult on payments. The tightening of controls combined with the cut back of dependency on sub par customers caused Capital One to suffer a smaller profit margin, raising interest rates, and a 40% drop in its shares (Hit, M. , et. L. 2009. Peg. 71). Capital Ones internal capabilities consist of its on the mark acquisitions and technology. The rising strategy used relies on its Information Based Strategy (BIBS). According to Wackiness (2010): Capital Ones acquisitions also prove to be on time with their strategy, enabling them to break into new markets, countries with companies that support the ideas they already have rolling out. They have bought companies in the UK such as Hibernia, Auto dealership finances like Onyx in California, and Merrier who is in the orthodontist industry in the states. The CEO of Capital One, Fairbanks, all of the acquisitions are a natural extension of the diversification strategy they have en pursuing for some time, stating the strengths of each company compliment each other (Hit, M. , et. Al. 2009. Peg. 71). Define Capital Ones business-level and corporate-level strategies, and evaluate their potential for continued success. Evaluate the strategic fit of Capital Ones recent acquisitions. Describe the key strategic issues raised by the companys acquisition strategy. The related acquisition of Hibernia leaves Capital One in a position to gain providing they can break and make ground in Texas. The acquisition will provide them with greater arrest power, and it saves them the time of gaining ground in TX being that Hibernia has already taken to that project, they need only cultivate it with the use of BIBS and business strategy. Hibernia brick and mortar branches, 109, will be used as a launching pad for marketing its various offers and BIBS technique (Hit, M. Et. Al. 2009. Peg. 69). The purchase of Onyx and Merrier, Capital One has Jumped the barrier entry fence in to auto financing, enabling them to provide more info into the BIBS so that they can cultivate that business unit also as they will do with Merrier information. The strategy they seem to be employing is buying companies that either gains them access into new markets or is doing well in a market they already have a stake in. The cross boarder Acquisition of Huffs allows them to rapidly enter the market without learning about the local institutional barriers on its own, though I dont imagine many exist between the I-J and America, I believe we are on the same page. Nonetheless the purchase was to strengthen its Global Financial services subsidiary in the British market (Hit, M. , et. Al. 2009. Peg. 65). There arent many issues that are active for Capital one raised by its acquisitions, they seem well calculated, and conservative, meaning they arent out buying things up Just to be beefy, lean and precise seed mot the goal with their acquisitions.

Short History of Kwanzaa

Short History of Kwanzaa Free Online Research Papers In this short essay I am going to discuss the history of Kwanzaa. I am going to briefly discuss how Kwanzaa came about, and how it is traditionally practiced. Kwanzaa is a non-religious African American holiday that emphasizes family, culture, and community. In 1966 Dr. Maulana Karenga, a professor of African American Studies, at the University of California, Long Beach, wanted to find a way to bring African Americans together as a community. He started to research traditional African harvest celebrations, particularly Karenga. Karenga combines harvest celebrations from several different tribes, such as those from the Ashanti and Zulu tribe. The name Kwanzaa is taken from the Swahili phrase â€Å"matunda ya kwanza,† which means first fruits. Kwanzaa is celebrated over the seven days between Christmas and New Years. While every family celebrates Kwanzaa a little bit differently, most partake in traditional dances, music, literature and a large traditionally African meal. At the end of each of the seven nights a child lights a candle on the Kinara, a candle stick that holds seven candles, while the family discusses one of the Nguzo Saba’s. Nguzo Saba means seven principles in Swahili. The seven principles are unity, self-determination, responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. The center candle is the only black candle and is lit the first night; it represents unity which is part of the main basis that Kwanzaa is built on. Kwanzaa is a very important part of African Americans embracing their culture and a way to bring the community together in celebration of their roots. Research Papers on Short History of KwanzaaBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West Meet

Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles

Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles Winning Ideas to Create Research Articles Research articles are made up of results achieved from conducting original research. These results can be obtained through either primary or secondary analysis.   Fundamental research involves collecting and capturing information directly from the source. Secondary research includes obtaining information from the previous researches done by others and recording it. The essential requirement of a research paper is to look for information relating to the topic, taking a stand/side on the issue and providing evidence for the position taken in an organized manner. The objective of the paper is the essence of a research paper.    A good research paper shows the findings of the research in a clear and concise manner without being mixed up by the wordplay of the author. A cook follows a written recipe to prepare a delicious meal. It is also the same with the author. There is a guideline/recipe that an author should use for him/her to have an interesting research paper. The following is a guideline to writing a good research paper. Selecting the Topic Choosing your topic is the first and the most crucial step in a research project. Before choosing a research topic, a student/author should ask himself/herself such questions: Has this topic been researched upon extensively? Is this topic unique and timely? Is it coherent with my career choice? A student should always choose a topic that he/she is interested. Whenever possible, the author needs to choose a topic that he/she is passionate about. For example, if you are interested in Business Management, write things that involve business issues or evolution of businesses. Do not deviate from your topic. Always consult with your friends and teachers about your chosen topic to get new ideas. If you realize that the topic you chose is not right for you, do not hesitate change. Researching the Topic After selecting a topic suitable for you, you should now start researching. Research can be done using several resources such as journal articles, web pages, books, posts on various blogs, interviews, newsletters, and magazines. You can also apply different online research methods that are well-known these days. Do not rely on one or two sources rather, use at least five sources. Books should be your primary tools to use when researching. Reading as much as you can will help you understand and connect things clearly. You will have the ability to see and seal any loopholes in your research. Analyze and Plan Every type of writing has its own approach. If your research becomes complicated for you, you can prepare a flowchart so that you can know all the stages in a sequence and prepare for them. Print out the research you have gathered online, highlight the key areas in the books you have read and read your research again. Identify if your research paper is argumentative or analytic. An argumentative research paper involves the author taking a side and arguing from that perspective. An analytic paper is prepared when the author freshly reviews an important issue. Lastly, the author should know his/her audience. If you are writing to people who are conversant with topic, you need not explain your ideas using theories. Preparing the Draft of a Research Article Organize your outline. Include in-text citations at the end of an important point. Depending on your paper requirements, follow the formatting guidelines in every part of your paper. You should acknowledge authors by citing your research paper. This is always mandatory. Inserting your citations properly will reduce the chances of your paper being rejected. Preparing the Final Draft Put aside your draft for a day before revising it for you to see any gaps. Rethink your ideas and organize again your paragraphs and sentences when revising. Read your paper out loud or have someone read it for you. Put it all together using the format authorized by your institution. Some universities have their unique way of formatting papers. Your supervisor should assist you by ensuring that the format is correct and the citations well placed before submission. To summarize, there are ten stages that experts go through to ensure that their research article is lovely and entertaining to their readers. The ten steps will help you in creating a hypothesis, testing your ideas and presenting your findings: First, always choose a topic that is right for you. You should enjoy studying and researching it. Secondly, plan your dissertation by creating an outline to organize and reasonably present ideas. Third, make use of transitions. This communicates to the readers that you are moving from one topic to another. Also separate your ideas using paragraphs. Two different ideas should not be put in one section instead, create a new paragraph for a different idea. Direct quotes should be included in your dissertation. They act as pieces of evidence from your sources. The direct quote should prove a point for your topic. Sixth, your paper should be formatted correctly with the help of your supervisor. Continue to write your draft so that it is error free. Ensure your research article has citations that are well placed. All sources should be cited. Create a desirable title for your article. Your topic should go hand in hand with your hypothesis. Lastly, form a memorable conclusion that should prove your point. At our service, we are committed to providing students with expert research paper writing help on different topics and disciplines.

LTC Administrators and Alzheimers's Disease Essay

LTC Administrators and Alzheimers's Disease - Essay Example According to the Alzheimer’s Association of America, 5.3 million Americans have this disease in 2015 (Alzheimer’s Association of America, 2015). The ages for the affected individuals varies as 5.1 million of them are above the age of 65 while 200,000 are under the age of 65. The Association also states that two-thirds of the affected are women. The figures state that from the 5.3 million affected individuals 3.2 million are women while 1.9 are men. In addition, the number of patients is expected to grow each year as the proportion of Americans who are above the ages of 65 continues to grow. It is projected that by 2025, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer’s will have increased to 7.1 million and by 2050, the numbers will have already reached 13.8 million people. This is an alarming prediction since such numbers will hamper any form of research, and the chances of obtaining a medical breakthrough will be very slim. Alzheimer’s has no known cure, but there are medications if administered, can help the patients to cope with the disease (Newport, 2013). When the symptoms appear, it is advisable see a physician or a neurologist to plot the next course of action. A majority of diseases irrespective of their scope can be managed if detected early. Individuals living with Alzheimer’s need specialized care, and there are a few options for the families of the affected. They included home health care, nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Nursing homes provide personal and custodial care to the individuals who cannot do it themselves. Nursing homes are not the primary facilities for taking care of Alzheimer’s patients as well as other individuals with acute illnesses. Nursing homes bring about complaints from both the patients and the caregivers. Patients might feel that their autonomy had been eroded since they have no freedom

Causes of Employee Turnover Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Causes of Employee Turnover - Research Paper Example As the paper outlines, the concept of employee turnover is the significantly-used approach in the context of human resource management in a business organization. The simplest way to describe the term is that it pertains to the rate or extent at which the employer or an organization loses and gains its employees or the workforce. Turnover is basically measured for the individual firms as well as for the entire industry. The concept of employee turnover refers to the workers’ rotation within and around the labour market, and continues between occupations, firms and different jobs. It also exists between the condition of unemployment and employment within a state (Abbasi et al., 2000). The term ‘turnover’ was further defined by Price (1977) as the ratio of the number of members in an organization who have left the workplace during a certain period divided by the average number of people in that organization. Very often, turnover is regarded with the complete process linked to the filling of a vacancy. According to the studies, every time that an employee vacates a position, involuntarily or voluntarily, there arises a dire need for the hiring and training of a new employee, and the cycle goes on. According to many research studies, it has been suggested that the concept of turnover in an organization arises from the employees being unhappy with the organization or dissatisfied from the job. However, this is not the only reason for the employees leaving the organizations voluntarily or involuntarily. There are various other factors for the occurrence of high employee turnover and they are described as follows: The Economy In the exit interviews conducted with the employees, one of the major reasons discovered for leaving the organizations include the availability of the higher paid jobs. In the United States, it has been examined that some of the workers working on minimum wage, left their jobs for another job which paid them only 50cents more per hour (Shamsuzzoha, n.d.). Thus, in the better economies, the vacancies in higher paying jobs would increase the employee turnover in many other less paying organizations. The characteristics of the job There are some jobs which are fundamentally more attractive and higher paid than other jobs in the same field. The attractiveness of a job is influenced by the challenges, repetitiveness, perceived significance, inherent dangers, and the growth opportunities. A bad match between the employee's skills and the job Every job requires a proper match and parallel characteristics between the employee and the job. However, those employees, who are normally hired for the tough jobs or do not match the qualifications and expertise required by the job, leave the organization in a short span of time. Therefore, the turnover rate in an organization also increases due to the lack of compatibility between the job specification and job description.

Discussion Summary-Assignment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Summary- - Assignment Example Fellow classmates have provided a raft of examples and the corresponding lists of examples supporting each of the four proximity levels. Bishop Pearce provided the example of the Waterbrooke Assisted facility, located in Elizabeth City, NC. The facility provides personalized care including three meals and snacks a day, physician and psychiatric services. On environmental proximity, he identified each of the four levels drawing the work by (Sigh, 2010) to be the foundation on which he drew the four levels on proximity. The work drew a number of replies, most notably Kathleen, who wanted to know if the facility were next to hospital, would it have been a source of hindrance or help. Yvette De Leon, on the other hand cited the Arbors of Port Warwick Facility that is in Newport News, VA. The hospital provides 24 hours services to the residents, though only a meal day is provided. Just like the first contributor, Yvette cited (Singh, 2010), when updating the four Environmental Proximity Model. Kathleen Almeda, on the other hand, gave Dominion Village at Williamsburg that is owned by Five Star Senior Living. Â  Dominion Village offers assisted living, memory care, outpatient rehab services, and respite/short-term stays. Felisa Artis provided the example of the Consulate Health Care as the facility of choice, which specializes in post-acute care, operating 200 centers in 21 states. However, her focus is the one that is at Norfolk, VA. She explicitly provides the examples to match the four levels of proximity and a discussion ensues between the classmates and her. Jennifer Supples provides an example of a facility located 15 minutes from his place of residence, Willows at Meadow Branch which is part of the Consulate facilities. However, he does provide examples on the environmental proximity models. The level of services provided in the facilities were also different, for example, Paola Williams mentioned that Hopkins center for Rehabilitation and Healthcare,

Three useful knots for camping (demonstrate) Essay

Three useful knots for camping (demonstrate) - Essay Example An example of shoe laces can be taken here when the laces are crossed against each other. Similarly another overhand knot is tied to put the left end of the rope over and under the right one. The ropes are pulled together to form a square knot afterwards (Filip 2013). Clove Hitch is another knot which is used to hold objects to where they are required. The object to be roped is first taken and the rope is passed beneath it to give it a wrap. The rope is then crossed for a second time to give the second wrap in the form of an X so that both the wraps leap each other. After that a third wrap is given and the end of the rope is put in between of the X. Both the ends are then pulled to give a Clove Hitch (Filip 2013). The last know is known as Bowline and is very helpful for the campers and mountaineers. The rope is first taken and a loop is made by the rope itself. The rope end is then put through the loop and then put again in the loop to align with the main end. The rope is then pulled to give a tight knot known as Bowline (Filip 2013). Tkaczyk, Filip. "Camping Knots for Wilderness Survival."Â  Wilderness Survival School | Alderleaf Wilderness College - Survival Courses. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2013.

Unit 2 individual project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 2 individual project - Essay Example Intellectual Union can apply these methods to understand the contribution of their human resources in relation to the productivity of the organization (Alexander, 2008). Apparently, organizations are often made up of workforce of different ages and sex or gender. Therefore, the American Intellectual Union can use the quantitative method and analysis to determine the contribution of its workforce including job satisfaction, gender, or age to analyze the success or production of the firm. In this particular study, it is apparent that the variables involved in the study are the gender of the workforce, age bracket of the workforce, and productivity of the company (Alexander, 2008). Before determining the productivity per gender or age, it is vital to determine the distribution by gender in the organization. Determination of distribution by gender is the quantitative aspect of the study that tries to determine the composition of gender that in turn determines production per department or unit (Alexander, Vol. IV, 2008). Cases where the distribution is fairly the same, the distribution will be considered even in that, there will be nearly the same number of women as men within the targeted area of study. The study has also opted to determine â€Å"tenure with the company† distributing by gender. This aspect of the survey aims at seeking the ratio of women to men per company’s production unit. In other words, in this concern, the company is seeking that, for instance, if it moves to a department, what will be most probable ratio of men to women in relation per departments. The outcome of the survey under this variable will be useful to determine the production per unit in relation to the gender distribution in such units (Alexander, 2008). In other words, the management will determine which ratios of men to women or women to men are productive; therefore, it may opt to work with ratios that are relatively productive by redistributing worker to form gender ratios

Wind Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Wind Energy - Essay Example This paper stresses that wind energy is extracted from wind. Extraction of this form of energy involves the use of turbines to generate electric power for both domestic uses. The history of this form of energy dates back to over 2000 years ago when wind-powered machines were used to pump water. Prof James Blyth was the brainchild of this new development. He built a ten-meter high wind turbine that he used to charge accumulators that provided power for lighting system in the cottage. In this respect, the cottage made history as the first house that utilized energy to provide electricity. This report makes a conclsuion that wind energy plays a pivotal role in sustainable development. It poses minimal threat environmental sustainability since it provides a clean source of energy. It has reduced unemployment levels by creating thousands of opportunities for farmers, ranchers and providing high-paying jobs in various fields. These fields include the turbine manufacturing plants, maintenance and operation of turbines, construction of turbines as well as their installation, transportations and logistics, legal services and maintenance. The wind energy system generates huge amount of money in the economy of a nation. For example, it generated $10billion in the economy of the United States. Due to inexhaustible nature, this energy source is plenty and reliable for use in homes and industries. Due to its benefits, many people have embraced it. It offers a suitable alternative that can be harnessed to replace exhaustible sources such as oil and coal.

Unit 2 individual project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 2 individual project - Essay Example Intellectual Union can apply these methods to understand the contribution of their human resources in relation to the productivity of the organization (Alexander, 2008). Apparently, organizations are often made up of workforce of different ages and sex or gender. Therefore, the American Intellectual Union can use the quantitative method and analysis to determine the contribution of its workforce including job satisfaction, gender, or age to analyze the success or production of the firm. In this particular study, it is apparent that the variables involved in the study are the gender of the workforce, age bracket of the workforce, and productivity of the company (Alexander, 2008). Before determining the productivity per gender or age, it is vital to determine the distribution by gender in the organization. Determination of distribution by gender is the quantitative aspect of the study that tries to determine the composition of gender that in turn determines production per department or unit (Alexander, Vol. IV, 2008). Cases where the distribution is fairly the same, the distribution will be considered even in that, there will be nearly the same number of women as men within the targeted area of study. The study has also opted to determine â€Å"tenure with the company† distributing by gender. This aspect of the survey aims at seeking the ratio of women to men per company’s production unit. In other words, in this concern, the company is seeking that, for instance, if it moves to a department, what will be most probable ratio of men to women in relation per departments. The outcome of the survey under this variable will be useful to determine the production per unit in relation to the gender distribution in such units (Alexander, 2008). In other words, the management will determine which ratios of men to women or women to men are productive; therefore, it may opt to work with ratios that are relatively productive by redistributing worker to form gender ratios

Issue in the media today Essay Example for Free

Issue in the media today Essay Why is asylum such an important issue in the media today? More countries joined the EU recently, and it is expanding. People in the Eastern countries get low wages and so are attracted to Britain. 100-150,000 Poles have come to live in the UK illegally, to find work. The media reflects public concerns over mass immigration. Secondly, we are getting more immigrants than emigrants, so more people are entering than leaving the country. This also raises concerns about overcrowding. Thirdly, terrorism has become increasingly worrying, and people link asylum seekers to the recent murder of a police officer in Bradford. The general public dont believe that the government are effectively handling immigration, where only 25% of asylum cases get rejected, but NOT deported; leading the public to wonder where these people go. Asylum is an issue locally, because there is a Home office (Asylum Centre) in Croydon. These results in many asylum seekers come to Croydon. In this coursework I am going to compare two contrary newspaper articles on the issue of asylum. The point of view expressed by THE SUN is that asylum seekers should not be allowed to come into the UK and stay here. THE SUN wants people to read this article and get angry about those coming into the UK, at the experience of British tax payers. THE SUN believes that some asylum seekers are terrorists, and are using this to convince people to be against asylum seekers and write letters to the government against so much immigration. There are very strong elements of bias present in THE SUN because it gives only the point of view against asylum seekers staying in Britain. It is a very one sided article and though full of opinion, the opinion are put forward as facts. However, the point of view expressed in THE GUARDIAN is liberal, and is trying to give readers more information about the topic, so that they can come to their own decision. This newspaper gives different examples to show that not all asylum seekers are terrorists or coming here for free money. It also makes out that other newspapers are deliberately trying to give false impression to the public to try to scare them. The newspaper, however, is biased, as it only gives the point of view for immigration to be continued, rather than giving information for both sides of the story. However it is clearly an opinion piece and the photograph of the writer reinforces this. THE SUN makes the reader angry using phrases like Every day 1000 people or refugees claim free treatment on the NHS without being entitled to it, and The Government plans to fork out millions of Tax payers money buying luxury Hotels and more estate to house asylum seekers. These phrases make the reader angry if they think that they are paying taxes and asylum seekers are living in luxury hotels for free using their money; making them feel it is unfair. The language used by THE GUARDIAN is more sophisticated than THE SUN; the words used have more complex meanings whereas THE SUN uses simple language to make its points. This shows that the readership of each paper is very different; where THE GUARDIAN is read by people who are typically more educated then those of THE SUN. Its uses language such as tolerance, ethnicity and liberal progressives, which are effective because they make the reader feel that the issue is not in such a dangerous position as others make out. THE SUN uses other techniques to persuade its readers, such as photos and graphs. These are effective because the images used to make you want to read the topic and you can imagine what THE SUN is talking about when looking at the pictures. The graphs are eye-catching and show you the differences between spending in other countries and the UK; it shows the differences here very clearly. The cut-out letter to Tony Blair makes it easy for people to complete, and gives them a sense of power to do something. The bold writing used is catchy because you can see it instantly, and your eye looks at the different writing because it shows you the main points clearly. THE GUARDIAN uses a cartoon to persuade its readers because it is complicated, and vague, so makes them think about its meaning. The photograph is effective because it shows the person who is writing the article, and you realise that this persons opinions are written here. However, THE SUN makes opinion sound like facts which is misleading. I find THE SUN more persuasive because it is simple and effective words which most people are able to understand. It also shows the picture where I think people are able to understand. It also shows the picture where I think people are climbing over the fence having scarves on, which is not showing there full face, this makes the reader think that the people are terrorists or criminals. The article makes me feel angry towards the newspaper because it gives a very biased point of view, and doesnt tell me about genuine asylum cases. My point of view is that asylum seekers should be allowed to move from their country to any country they wish, because they are also humans as we are and they are just unlucky that they cant live in their own country because of many reasons like war and persecution. The main reason that people move from their country to the UK is because they need to reach a place of safety. Secondly, they choose the UK in preference to other destinations which tells us that they know of the UK but I dont think they will have a detailed knowledge of our immigration and/or our benefits systems. I think that the people should make more effort to understand the difference between asylum seekers and illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants are people who move to settle in another country or region, temporarily or permanently, in violation of the law or without documents permitting them to settle in another country or region, temporarily or permanently, in violation of the law or without documents permitting them to settle in that country. I can understand that some people may get upset by so many people moving here, because it is hard to find jobs anyway, hospitals and schools are overcrowded and there is a lot of crime, people may feel that asylum seekers only add to the problem.

Essay on Human Resource Management in Kentucky Fried Chicken

Essay on Human Resource Management in Kentucky Fried Chicken Kentucky Fried Chicken is the largest fast food chicken operator, and franchiser in the world. Colonel Sanders has become a world-known figure by marketing his finger lickin good fried chicken. The restaurants cover a large percentage of the United States market in terms of sales. Every day, millions of diners are served at KFC, featuring the Colonels finger lickin good special recipe fried chicken. (About us) KFC knows that their employees are at the center of their success. Developing a successful employee training program and effective retention strategies will determine the success of the company and whether the company can deliver a more consistent customer experience. The KFC Corporation is based in Louisville, Kentucky and was founded by Harland Sanders in 1932. Sanders was born on a farm in Indiana in the 1890s. Following the death of his father in 1896, Sanders mother was forced to work two jobs to support the family. In order to help his mother, Sanders learned to cook for his brother and sister at the young age of six. By the age of fifteen he had worked a variety of jobs, including painter and railroad fireman. In 1920 Sanders opened a gas station in Corbin, Kentucky and he began to cook for his family and the occasional customer in a back room of the service station. It was then that he invented whats called home meal replacement selling complete meals to busy, time-strapped families. He called it, Sunday Dinner, Seven Days a Week' (Colonel Harland Sanders). Sanders enjoyed cooking the food his mother had taught him for travelers. Rather than coming in for service for their cars, people began coming in specifically for his food. Demand for his cooking rose and eventually he expanded his up and coming business by moving across the street to a facility with a restaurant, a motel, and a gas station. The restaurant was named Sanders Court Cafà © and was so successful that in 1935 the Governor granted Sanders the title of honorable Kentucky Colonel in recognition of his contribution to the states cuisine. (KFC Corporation) Colonel Sanders was always experimenting with his food at his restaurant. He originally prepared his chicken in an iron skillet, which took an average of thirty minutes to do, which was to long for restaurant operations. During the late 1930s the Colonel went to a demonstration of a new gizmo, the pressure cooker. He purchased a pressure cooker and made a few adjustments. After a lot of experimenting with cooking time, pressure, shortening temperature and level, Eureka! The Colonel had found a way to fry chicken quickly, under pressure, and come out with the best chicken hed ever tasted, and what weve come to know as Kentucky Fried Chicken was born (The pressure cooker). On a daily basis more than twelve million diners visit a KFC restaurant on 109 countries and territories around the world. (About us) KFCs product specialty is fried chicken that is served in various forms and is made with the Original Recipe. KFC standards for quality start with the use of the famous bucket. The paper bucket is used for its large sized orders and helps to keep the chicken crispy by wicking away moisture. The Original Recipe, which remains a trade secret, is made from a blend of eleven herbs and spices that Colonel Sanders was able to perfect. Portions of the secret recipe are mixed in different parts of the United States but the complete hand written copy is kept in a vault at the corporate headquarters. Nutrition has been a big concern for KFC because its main products are fried. In recent years KFC has made changes and now offers a variety of menu items that are low in fat for customers that prefer lower calorie choices. To assist customers, KFC has posted a nutrition guide on their website providing customers detailed information about their ingredient choices and nutrition values. They have al so introduced grilled items that offer fewer fat grams and less sodium than the Original Recipe, all without sacrificing the great taste of KFC products. (Nutrition) KFCs training and development strategies focus on effective management and building customer relations, as well as providing high quality products, and maintaining cleanliness of their restaurant. In the beginning, the companys strategies were not very successful. The company has made changes to its strategy by focusing on giving more career opportunities for people related to business, management, and other professional area of study. The principle development and training strategies are as follows: 1) Urge the employees to get closer to the customer by adopting a very friendly behavior to them to make decisions from market back. So the first principle is to create the customer focus goal. 2) The firm also keeps in touch with the latest trends and changing technological innovations for its market and to keep a continuous change as a way of life. Adding new ideas and taste in its meals, making more deals for attracting the customers and many other small policies are adopted for this purpose. 3) Market orientation was another area of priority by the management team to generate extra effectiveness in the global market. A friendly atmosphere with the customers is very important to give them confidence for putting their suggestions in the suggestion box for getting an idea of the likes and dislikes of their valuable customers. 4) The management team communicates very effectively and learns how to create an innovative atmosphere and a better understanding with the various cultures of the globe. As people belonging in different areas and cultures have different taste. So the main principle here is not to create a strong uniform brand image but also to serve the best interest of different customers in different locations. 5) Making a market plan and providing effective training to the employees is also an important strategy for the development of the corporation in overseas locations. While training and educating the employees, human resource planning, reward system and cultural definitions were given for international operations to the management team, which further hired and trained new staff from the local countries where the new branch is to establish. This also improves international political economic relations as opening new markets in outside country and ensuring new jobs facilities for the nationals of that country played a very important role in building customer relations and getting into the cultural taste of the natives. (Training and Development Strategies) Historically, the fast food industry has not been seen as the most effective way to build a career, especially for those individuals that are starting at the bottom of the ladder. KFC is working hard to overcome this perception. During the late 1990s, KFC launched a new employee incentive program as part of a three million dollar reorganization of its corporate field operations. The program was intended to show general managers that they play an essential role in the success or failure of KFC. The managers were taken to the corporate headquarters for three days of meetings and seminars. The company believed that a great way to develop great teams is to focus on the restaurant leaders. The changes stemmed from a survey that was conducted and revealed that managers wanted more support from corporate headquarters, they want to know that they are valued' (KFC initiates). The new program emphasized on developing a closer relationship with individual stores and a stronger focus on training and hiring practices, all with the intent of providing better customer service and a better working environment that will reduce turnovers. Jackie Trujillo, chairman of Harman Management, said, They are right on target, if you are going to succeed in this industry, you have got to get people to buy into the program, because who waits on customers? Where does everything happen? If you dont have everybody buying into that, youre not going to make everyone happy' (KFC initiates). For 2010, KFC has again refocused its corporate goals and is now putting special efforts on making their employees feel valued. This is apparent in the way employees treat each other, and is also accomplished through the companys reward package. The program offers all employees bonuses through a variety of schemes. The employees are rated in two performance measures, customer satisfaction and operational basics. The bonuses are also based on sales made as a restaurant and are paid in form of retail vouchers, with some vouchers valued at over $400.00 per employee each quarter. The bonuses are meant to create energy and encourage employee engagement with the goals of the restaurant. Managers and senior staffs can also earn cash bonuses depending on how they score on a balance scorecard. Misty Reich, vice-president HR at KFC UK and Ireland, says: the aim is to use the bonuses to create an ownership mentality among KFC employees (KFC keeps staff). KFC also considers career progression wi thin the company to depend on the bonuses offered. By conducting in-depth review of the restaurants staffs twice a year, the company can decide which of them has the ability to move forward in the organization. (KFC keeps staff) In order to generate profits and achieve long term success, businesses need to build a workplace that attracts, engages, and retains the best employees. A company culture describes how an employee thinks and feels about the company. It effects how employees respond and handle themselves in the work place. At KFC the company culture is a result of the companys vision and values. Our aim is to put a smile on peoples faces around the world and gives every customer a special experience on each occasion (Human resources). These values are as follows: 1) Believe in all people: We trust in positive intentions and believe everyone has the potential to make a difference. We actively seek diversity in others to expand our thinking and make the best decision. We coach and support every individual to grow to their full capability. 2) We are customer maniacs: Customers rule. Every customer sees it, feels it and knows it in every restaurant. We make sure we have great Restaurant General Managers who build great teams. 100% CHAMPS with a Yes Attitude is the expectation. 3) Go for breakthrough: We begin by asking ourselves What can I do NOW to get breakthrough results in my piece of Yum! Our intentionality drives step change thinking. We imagine how big something can be and work future-back, going full out with positive energy and personal accountability to make it happen. 4) Build know how: We grow by being avid learners, pursuing knowledge and best practice inside and outside our company. We seek truth over harmony every step of the way. We consistently drive outstanding execution by scaling our learning into process and tools around what matters most. Breakthroughs come when we get people with knowledge thinking creatively. 5) Take the hill teamwork: We team together to drive action versus activity. We discuss the un-discussable, always promoting healthy debate and healthy decisions. Our relationships allow us to ask the earth of each other. We make specific verbal contracts to get big things done with urgency and excellence. 6) Recognize! Recognize! Recognize: We attract and retain the best people and inspire greatness by being world famous for recognition. We love celebrating the achievement of others and have lots of fun doing it! (Human resources) Building employee capability is an important strategy at KFC. A company is only as good as its employees and KFC believes that their employees should be rewarded for the dedication and large portions of their lives they invest into the company. At KFC all employees receive initial training which covers food safety, business familiarization and online testing. The elements of the training are web based and virtual reality classrooms that are used to develop champions. After commencing employment team members continue to further their training through a program called CHAMPS. CHAMPS stand for the six universal areas of customer expectations: Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product quality, and Speed. The training is both face to face and web based. The web based program provides consistent and up-to-date information. The face to face program provides opportunity for cross-training within the restaurant so that employees continue to develop new skills. The blended train ing is estimated to require 41% less hours per learner than in-restaurant training programs. (Human resources) KFC has grown to be the largest quick service restaurant and has been proven to be a successful business enterprise with more than 11,000 restaurants in 109 countries around the world. (About us) KFC understand that their employees are at the center of their success. Through structured employee training and effective retention strategies the company can deliver a more consistent customer experience. The training, development, and retention of the right people are the key ingredients to the secret recipe that result in the long term success of KFC.

An Analysis of Lilith (Bodys Beauty) :: Lilith Essays

An Analysis of Lilith (Body's Beauty) First published in 1868 in Swinburne's pamphlet-review, "Notes on the Royal Academy Exhibition," the sonnet entitled "Lilith" was written to accompany the painting "Lady Lilith." The poem and picture appeared alongside Rossetti's painting "Sibylla Palmifera" and the sonnet "Soul's Beauty," which was written for it. In 1870, both of these poems were published among the "Sonnets for Pictures" section of Rossetti's Poems. In 1881, however, "it occurred to Rossetti to contrast the two as representatives of fleshly and spiritual beauty," and thus he transferred them to "The House of Life" (Baum 181). The Lilith sonnet was then renamed "Body's Beauty" in order to highlight the contrast between it and "Soul's Beauty," and the two were placed sequentially in "The House of Life" (sonnets number 77 and 78). Because Rossetti originally named the sonnet "Lilith" and only changed the name to highlight the contrast between it and "Soul's Beauty," this study will refer to it by its original name. "Lilith" reads as follows: Of Adam's first wife, Lilith, it is told (The witch he loved before the gift of Eve,) That, ere the snake's, her sweet tongue could deceive, And her enchanted hair was the first gold. And still she sits, young while the earth is old, And, subtly of herself contemplative, Draws men to watch the bright web she can weave, Till heart and body and life are in its hold. The rose and poppy are her flower; for where Is he not found, O Lilith, whom shed scent And soft-shed kisses and soft sleep shall snare? Lo! as that youth's eyes burned at thine, so went Thy spell through him, and left his straight neck bent And round his heart one strangling golden hair. (Collected Works, 216). Much like "Lady Lilith," "Lilith" celebrates the pleasures of physicality. As an enchantress, she "draws men to watch the bright web she can weave," but she does not invite them to be mere voyeurs of her charms (line 7). Instead, she invites them to her and then ensnares them in her "web" of physical beauty, ultimately causing their death (line 8). "Subtly of herself contemplative," a phrase echoing Pater's famous description of the "Mona Lisa," highlights Lilith's attitude of "voluptuous self applause," an attitude which was so visually apparent in Rossetti's painting (Baum 185).

The American Dream in The Great Gatsby :: The Great Gatsby

The American dream is sought after and imagined by everyone who comes to America. It is the main reason that people come to America; they come for freedom as well as to one day attain the idea of a perfect American dream. It theoretically symbolizes what you have accomplished in life and what you wish to one day have. In my personal opinion if any person wants come to America to live a life of happiness, be released of religious persecution and the freedom to say what you feel, then it can be accomplished. This is the first thing you get as soon as you become an American. That for me is considered a dream for the persecuted. Now beyond this lies desire, which is what society thrives from because it is what our economy is based off of. It is said that you only need food, shelter, and clothing. Dreaming is what America is all about; the beautiful houses, the wealth, the power to control things at your fingertips. Anything you can dream of you can obtain. Although, obtaining a wealthy d ream can be a life of hard work and poverty—depending on what you want— it will eventually pay off to finally accomplish what is desired. â€Å"My own house was an eye-sore, but it was a small eye-sore and it had been over look, so I had a view of the water, a partial view of my neighbor’s lawn and the consoling proximity of millionaires—all for eighty dollars a month.† (10) The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Essentially, the â€Å"dream† is in my view a state of mind in which you feel comfortable and content in. It is a reassurance that you have begun and finished what you set out to offer to yourself. I do not base my dream upon materialistic items such as a big house or cars or all the wealth I can imagine. Rather I want set out to fall in love, have a family and teach my children and support them. No matter at what cost this would be. I would really like to home school and teach them but I cannot deprive them of friends, fun, and experiences that I had and will have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I want to support them in whatever they are interested in, whether it be science, art, engineering, anything that makes them as happy as I am with my dream. Finding a woman that I can put up with and her I will be one of the harder things to obtain.

Managing A Business Event Essay

Event organisers are in charge of all parts of an event. They co-ordinate all aspects, from the beginning right through to the end, overseeing all the details and ensuring everything gets completed on time and on budget. While there is a great variety between the different types of events and the different tasks an event organiser will need to do, there are some parts which are almost always the same. Venue/Location The location or locations are very important for different kind of events, the actual event interprets the location which goes with it for example a football match in the world cup will require a 30,000 allocation plus depending on which team is playing. When Brazil is playing for example then they will need a 50,000 or even 60,000 plus seater stadium. It is important that the right stadium catered for the right people because they could be losing money if there are lots of unsold tickets. They have to make sure that there is enough leg room and room for people to pass through without making others move form their seat, they also have to cater for upper class to make sure they get the quality which they want. Catering For the world cup there has to be tons of food outlets both inside and outside the ground so they not only cater for everyone their but they cater for all their needs whatever they may be such as vegetarian or gluten free and other different eating habits. They have to have 10’s of thousands of burgers hotdogs batches of chips which are most commonly found in football stadiums around the world. They have to make sure they have enough food to last the big rush of customers which often come before half time or on half time because if they queue up for over 10/20 minutes and they don’t get the food they will be annoyed and they would also would miss the first 5 minutes of the first half. The speed of the delivery has to be very fast to get 100’s of customers with their food and drink and out as soon as they can their will be around a 25 minute gap to do this before the second half starts. Finally drinks have to be provided and both alcoholic and non-alcoholic must b e served to cater for young and old. Planning and  reserving facilities Facilities which need to be reserved and booked in advance are things like burger vans and drinks vending machines all these will have to be booked or bought in advance. Referees will have to be contacted prior to the world cup to make sure that they are okay to referee the in the games. Obviously the main important thing which needs to be free and ready to use is the various number of stadiums and to make sure that they’re not being used for another other reason. The car spaces will have to be planned and also bus routes to make transport quick easy and efficient for travelling fans and teams from hotels. Setting up The set up for the world cup started as soon as Brazil was announced as the hosts for the tournament. The first things which were set up were the plans of stadiums and thee transport links such as the numerous shuttle busses. Another first initial set up is to make sure it is safe for all fans and players so the Brazilian government have ordered army troops into the favelas of Brazil which are situated near the grounds, so the first few steps were to make sure transport links were designed as well as new pitches and also the security was put in place to calm down hot spots of violence around the city. Accommodation is another vital thing for the world cup because there will be 10’s of thousands of supporters going to the world cup so they need to make sure there is enough places for people to stay for the appropriate time failure to do this will have people sleeping on the streets which could cause turmoil in the streets, like thieving for example. Programme The programme for the world cup is made a few months in advance because people need to know when to book flights there and back so they know when the game is and how many games they can afford to stay for depending how large the gap is between the two games this is important to be released fairly early so supporters know when to book time off work and how many days they are. Preparing and distributing supporting documents For the world cup this is sending additional information to the buyers and  telling them things like transport links accommodation and also things like sending over the tickets which ay when the game is and what time it kicks offs these will be sent to the buyers house prior to the world cup so they can understand where to go and what to do nearer the time. Organisational procedures These things are like how many people the stadium fits and how many people are allocated to be in line waiting in the queue this is so that there won’t be any safety hazards such as getting injured via pushing and shoving in the queue. Another organisational procedures are the set times which the teams are lined up to play such as making sure that no games clash and they ar4e all at different times. Legal requirements Some of the legal requirements include: making sure no vandalism is done to the ground as the buyer has agreed to this once purchasing the ticket another requirement is that the people selling things around the ground that they stay in their agreed place and don’t move over into other sellers zones this could cause violence as another is acting upon another location. So the sellers agree to stay in their assign place. The standard football match agreement is also in place in the world cup which is no racist or violent behaviour towards players or the opposition’s fans. Limits of role As an event organiser it is important that they don’t do all the work and that they share the work load to other people who specialise in different areas such as giving the food responsibility to people who know what the fans want and what the number of items of food per match needs to be ordered. So it is important that the event organiser is able to dish jobs out however must keep an eye on what’s happening and making sure that the jobs are being done correctly by the other people who have been asked of the organiser. I is important to make sure that the organiser keeps an eye out on the other because they need to know if they’re on course to finish the job on time and to the best possible standard in which they can possibly do An event organiser needs the following skills to do their job effectively: Communication and interpersonal skills- This is critical to have as an organiser because they need to do a lot of telling people what to do and where to go. They need to be able to communicated with all sorts of working varying from business wear to builders to make sure that they are doing their jobs and to make sure that they’re on schedule. Time management- It is important for an event organiser to have good time management because they have a number of different things going on all the time and they have got to make sure each one is finished on schedule to make sure everything will be finished on time and so everything runs smoothly. Good time management means the organiser can go to different people instead of focusing on one person and making sure everyone is on track and not just focus on one person that’s working behind. Problem solving – It is important that the event planner has the ability to solve problems that may occur and may not be planned such as at the world cup a referee being ill this can easily be avoided by the getting a back up referee which is either the four official or sometimes the fifth so they can swap for the ref. Failure to have either of these can result in the game being cancelled or abandoned which will lose money to their economy and also it may cause problems for the travelling fans because they may have booked a flight when the game is next to be rescheduled . So it is important that the planner is ready to prepare for the worse and has ways of avoiding the situation. Negotiating- To keep within the events budget the organiser will be forced to negotiate to keep within the budget, so for the world cup he would of have to of negotiated with contractors and builders and manual labourers, the organiser would of tried to get the lowest price possible to get the stadium built to a high standard and as quick as they can. Negotiating for event organiser is vital to keep within budgets and saves the buyers money which would make the organiser highly recommendable to other people seeking a event organiser. Planning – The event planner will have to be able to plan long, short and medium situations for example a long term plan is planning where the stadiums are going to be built and how large of a capacity it is going to be, this will take a long time to both think about and also it will take even longer to execute an example of a medium term planning is things like what referees will be appointed to which games and also when the games will take place and at what times they kick off and finally short term would be what food and drinks are  too be sold. An event organiser has to be able to plan all three types and manage the time between planning them efficiently. Resource management- The event planner must make sure that there is enough food and drink for each and every stadium for each game failure to do so will cause the fans to grow inpatient and will prevent buying products I future games and may bring their own food which would lose money. Also they need to make sure that there’s not only enough food and drink but that there’s a wide range of options to chose from so the customers are kept happy by the wide selection of service. Monitoring- Because an event planner can’t do all the jobs they have to be able to keep monitoring and checking up on the people who are doing the more complex and longer jobs to make sure that they’re keeping up and schedule and not slowing anything down. They also have to be very supportive to try and motivate the workers to try and finish early. Evaluating- The event planner has to have a bench mark so that he can see if the job has been done below or above expectation, this is so the person can readjust things if they are up to the standards which they have without a good evaluation the jobs could be done below par and thus upsetting customers which aren’t getting the service which they have paid to get

Is the Death Penalty a Deterrent? Essay

No other topic in the field of corrections receives more attention than the death penalty (del Carmen). The United States is one of the few democracies in the world that still imposes a punishment of death, much due to the strength of public opinion. Since 1936, the Gallup Poll revealed only one year (1966) in which a minority of the population favored capital punishment, with only 45 percent support. Support has remained fairly constant at around 70 percent through the year 2000 (National Opinion Research Center). Many supporters’ arguments for the death penalty derive from the deterrence hypothesis, which suggests that in order to encourage potential murderers to avoid engaging in criminal homicide, society needs capital punishment. In other words, â€Å"states with the death penalty should have lower homicide rates than states without the death penalty† (Void, Bernard, and Snipes 201). In 2000, 42 percent of the United States population felt the death penalty acts as a deterrent to other potential murderers (National Opinion Research Center). Scholars have long believed that if the public were more knowledgeable on the death penalty and its effects, support would not be so high (Shelden). Former Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, in his concurring opinion in the case of Furman v. Georgia (1972), stated that American citizens know almost nothing about capital punishment. Further, in what has become known as the â€Å"Marshall Hypothesis,† he stated that â€Å"the average citizen† who knows â€Å"all the facts presently available regarding capital punishment would†¦ find it shocking to his conscience and sense of justice† (Walker, Spohn, and DeLone 230). For example, a Gallup poll was given asking whether respondents supported the death penalty, then asked if they would support it if there were proof that the deterrence theory was incorrect. Twenty-four percent of the respondents showed a change in their support of capital punishment (Radelet and Akers). Background Capital punishment in the United States has gone though periods in which most states either abolished it altogether or never used it, and periods in which it was commonly used (Shelden). The landmark Supreme Court decisions of Furman v. Georgia (1972) and Gregg v. Georgia (1976) rekindled the longstanding controversy surrounding capital punishment (Shelden). In Furman v. Georgia, the Court found that the death penalty, as it was currently being administered, constituted â€Å"cruel and unusual punishments†, in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. This decision suspended all capital punishment in the United States, however, left leeway for states to revise their current practices. Appeals began flowing through the Court and within four years of Furman, the Court made perhaps its most significant ruling on the matter (Shelden). In the case of Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the Court ruled, â€Å"A punishment must not be excessive, but this does not mean that the states must seek the minimal standards available. The imposition of the death penalty for the crime of murder does not violate the Constitution. † The moratorium was lifted and a path cleared for the first execution to take place in ten years. After a de facto abolition of capital punishment, it was reinstated in 1977 with the execution of Gary Gilmore by a firing squad in Utah (Shelden). Currently, 38 states, the federal government, and the United States military continue to execute those convicted of capital murder. Illinois and Maryland have moratoriums placed on the death penalty in their jurisdictions (Death Penalty Information Center). As recent as 2000, a number of jurisdictions in the United States have questioned the fairness and effectiveness of the death penalty. For instance, in January of 2000, Governor George Ryan of Illinois declared a moratorium on all executions after the state had released thirteen innocent inmates from death row in the same time it had executed twelve. Ryan then appointed a blue-ribbon Commission on Capital Punishment to study the issue in greater detail. On January 10, 2003, Ryan pardoned four death row inmates after lengthy investigations revealing abuse of defendants’ rights, including torture during interrogation (Death Penalty Information Center). The following day (also his last day in office) Ryan granted clemency to all of the remaining 156 death row inmates in Illinois, as a result of the flawed process that led to these sentences. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, â€Å"Ryan’s decision to grant today’s commutations reflects his concern that Illinois’ death penalty system lacked uniform standards designed to avoid arbitrary and inappropriate death sentences. † It should be noted that the 156 clemencies did not result in the release of the inmates, since many still face life in prison. Deterrence Theory According to Siegel, deterrence is defined as â€Å"the act of preventing a crime before it occurs by means of the threat of criminal sanctions; deterrence involves the perception that the pain of apprehension and punishment outweighs any chances of criminal gain or profit† (616). The theory of deterrence stemmed from the work of Cesare Beccaria, who has been known as â€Å"the leader of the classical school of thought† (del Carmen 21). Beccaria received a degree from the University of Pavia in Italy in 1758. Upon graduating, he embarked on working as a mathematician, but soon became interested in politics and economics. Beccaria met regularly with Allessandro Verri, an official of the prison in Milan, and his brother Pietro Verri, an economist, in a group of young men who met to discuss philosophical and literary topics (Void, Bernard, and Snipes). In March 1763, Beccaria was given the responsibility of writing an essay on the topic of penology. With little knowledge in the field, he went to the Verri brothers for assistance and drafted the essay. In 1764, his influential essay, On Crimes and Punishments was published (del Carmen). He listed ten principles proposing various reforms to make criminal justice practices more logical and rational (Void, Bernard, and Snipes). Becarria’s work is known to be one of the first wails for reform in the treatment of criminals. His concept that â€Å"the punishment should fit the crime,† was a major contribution to the classical school of thought. Beccaria felt severe punishment was not necessary and the only reason to punish was to assure the continuance of society and to deter others from committing crimes. Further, deterrence stemmed from appropriate, prompt, and inevitable punishment, rather than severe punishment. Regarding the death penalty, Beccaria believed it did not deter others and was an act of brutality and violence by the state (del Carmen). Finally, in one of Beccaria’s ten recommendations he argued that punishments that include excessive severity not only fail to deter crime, but actually increase it (Void, Bernard, and Snipes). The theory of deterrence was neglected for about a century. Then, in 1968, criminologists sparked an emergence of interest when Jack P. Gibbs published the first study that attempted to test the deterrence hypothesis (Void, Bernard, and Snipes). The certainty of punishment was defined, by Gibbs, as the ratio between the number of prisoners admitted for a given year and the number of crimes known to police in the prior year. Gibbs defined severity of punishment as the mean number of months served by all persons convicted of a given crime who were in prison in that year. His research found that greater certainty and severity were associated with fewer homicides for the year 1960. Gibbs concluded that both certainty and severity of imprisonment might deter homicide. Charles R. Tittle analyzed similar statistics regarding certainty and severity of punishment for the seven â€Å"index offenses† in the FBI Uniform Crime Reports (Void, Bernard, and Snipes). Tittle concluded that the certainty of imprisonment deters crime, but that severity only deters crime when certainty is quite high (Void, Bernard, and Snipes). In 1978, the National Academy of Sciences produced a report that concentrated on previous deterrence research and found that more evidence favored a deterrent effect than evidence that was against it. Void, Bernard, and Snipes stated that the deterrent effectiveness of the death penalty is probably the single most researched topic in the area of criminology. In 1998, Daniel Nagin reviewed studies of deterrence and argued that deterrence research has evolved into three types of literature. Of the three, one of these types identified examines criminal justice policies in varying jurisdictions and the crime rate affiliated with the policies to determine if there is a deterrent effect. Void, Bernard, and Snipes recognized that a large number of studies have been conducted regarding this issue; however the results have been inconclusive. For example, the deterrence hypothesis implies that death penalty states should have lower homicide rates than states without the death penalty. As Gibbs and Tittle’s research showed, however, death penalty states have considerably higher murder rates than non-death penalty states. Void, Bernard, and Snipes conclude that, more than likely, this results from states implementing the death penalty due to higher murder rates. Radelet and Akers state that because of little empirical support for general deterrence and the death penalty, most criminologists have concluded that capital punishment does not reduce crime. Furthermore, several researchers have found that the death penalty actually increases homicides (Bailey). Thorsten Sellin, one of the leading authorities on capital punishment, has suggested that if the death penalty deters prospective murderers, the following hypothesis should be true: (a) Murders should be less frequent in states that have the death penalty than in those that have abolished it, other factors being equal. Comparisons of this nature must be made among states that are as alike as possible in all other respects – character of population, social and economic condition, etc. – in order not to introduce factors known to influence murder rates in a serious manner but presently in only one of these states. (b) Murders should increase when the death penalty is abolished and should decline when it is restored. (c) The deterrent effect should be greatest and should therefore affect murder rates most powerfully in those communities where the crime occurred and its consequences are most strongly brought home to the population. (d) Law enforcement officers would be safer from murderous attacks in states that have the death penalty than in those without it. Sellin’s research indicates that not one of these conjectures is true. Further, his statistics illustrate that there is no correlation between the murder rate and the presence or absence of capital crimes. For example, Sellin compares states with similar characteristics and finds that regardless of the state’s position on capital punishment, they have similar murder rates. Finally, Sellin’s study concluded that abolition and/or reintroduction of the death penalty had no significance on the homicide rates of the various states involved. Summary The death penalty has long been one of the most debated issues in the American justice system. Most advocates claim that the punishment protects society by deterring murderers from repeatedly committing their crimes. Additionally, proponents proclaim that criminals have a better chance of choosing not to commit murder if the death penalty is a possible sanction. On the other end, opponents of the death penalty argue that no study has convincingly shown enough evidence of such a deterrent effect. In fact, they argue that most studies have not only shown the lack of a deterrent effect, but have conversely suggested that punishment by death might even have a brutalization effect. In other words, they suggest that criminal executions brutalize society by legitimating the killing of human beings, which ultimately leads to an increase in the rates of criminal homicide. Deterrence basically refers to the ideology that punishing persons who commit crime prevents other similarly disposed individuals from doing so. There are two existing types of deterrence, specific and general. Death penalty proponents argue for the importance of specific deterrence and its preventive effect in protecting society from a second crime from the same offender, who could easily evade or be released while imprisoned. In other words, this simply means that the death penalty takes away the opportunity for the offender to commit murder again. This type of deterrence obviously only deters the concerned offender. In this case, it is certain that punishment by death acts as a specific deterrent in 100% of the cases since a deceased offender will never have the opportunity to recidivate. As for general deterrence, it assumes that the thought of the death penalty as a potential cost of offending acts as a form of dissuasion. It is believed that punishment by death is considered by offenders when they are committing their acts, which would then convince them to not act and therefore result in a lesser probability of them committing their crimes. Additionally, proponents of the death penalty argue that such a punishment is the only solution to deter imprisoned offenders from killing other inmates or guardians while incarcerated. Without the death penalty as a possible sanction, a murderer incarcerated for life would not have anything to lose by killing again.With the death penalty as a possibility, the inmate has his life to lose. Works Cited Bailey, William C. â€Å"Deterrence, Brutalization, and the Death Penalty. † Criminology 36. 4 (1998): 711-33. Cockburn, Alexander. â€Å"Hate Versus Death. † Nation 272, 10 (2001): 9-11. Death Penalty Information Center. What’s New, 2008 del Carmen, Alejandro. Corrections. Madison, Wise: Coursewise Publishing, 2000 Chiricos, Theodore G. and Gordon P. Waldo. â€Å"Punishment and Crime: An Examination of Some Empirical Evidence. † Social Forces 18. 2 (1970): 200-17.